Medications for Treating Alcohol Dependence - American Family Physician
نویسنده
چکیده
A lmost one third of Americans consume enough alcohol to be considered at risk for alcohol dependence, and alcohol abuse and dependence are associated with more than 100,000 deaths from alcohol-related diseases and injuries each year. The economic cost of alcohol abuse and dependence was estimated at more than $184 billion for 1998.1 Use of screening tools and brief primary care interventions for alcohol problems significantly reduces drinking levels in “problem drinkers” who are not yet alcohol dependent.2 Counseling and 12-step structured treatment programs have been the mainstays of alcohol dependence treatment, whereas pharmacologic treatments traditionally have played an adjunctive role. To date, three medications—disulfiram (Antabuse), naltrexone (Trexan), and acamprosate (Campral)—have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of alcohol dependence, and only about 20 percent of eligible patients receive them. In the past decade, however, there has been a growing body of evidence supporting a more central role for medications in the treatment of alcohol dependence. These medications, the evidence supporting them, and recommended dosages are discussed in the following. Table 13,4 provides a summary of the medications with prescribing information, adverse effects, contraindications, and costs.
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تاریخ انتشار 2005